This research was conducted to investigate the difference of resilience and hardiness in doctors and nurses working in casualties and ICU units. It was hypothesized doctors are more resilient and hardier than the nurses. Correlation research design was used to conduct the present study. The sample was drawn from ICU and casualty units of different hospitals’ of Lahore District of Pakistan. State-Trait Resilience Checklist (STRC) by Hiew (2000) was used to measure state and trait resilience of doctors and nurses. Dispositional Resiliency Scale (DRS-15-v3) by Bartone (2009) was used to measure the personality hardiness in doctors and nurses. Independent sample t-test was used for inferential analysis while descriptive analysis were also used for demographic descriptive. Analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in doctors and nurses on the level of resilience and hardiness. The doctors and nurses differed only on the subscales of STRC i.e. differences were only noted on intrastate, inter-trait and intra-trait resilience subscales. Furthermore, the most significant difference was found on the intra-trait resilience which exceeded in doctors as compared to the nurses

This paper works towards alerting the academy itself that scholarship needs to be less resistant to ways of knowing that come from another cultural background and, more importantly, to understand what richness such knowledge structures bring to scholarship. In this paper I consider action research methodology and practice it so as to unpeel the connections between First Nations people in Canada and Australian Indigenous scholarship.This paper illuminates the possibilities inherent in developing the nature of the border crossing between Indigenous knowledge models and current academic constructions so that it is not one way. That is, dominated by euro western models. It is the scholarly conversation about this delicate balance and tension that this paper identifies and enters into, proposing that postgraduate level yet uncredentialed students as well as those with academic credentials can both enter Western knowledge systems and retain their own cultural modes of developing knowledge within them through practice led/based research (PLR).

This article centered principally on the absolute necessity for establishing a counseling policy for PTSD in Nigeria. The study adopted a theoretical approach supported with secondary data sourced from text books, journals and internet materials. The findings revealed that though there is an abundance of evidence to show that sections of Nigeria have been variously exposed to situations that cause PTSD, there are no nationally recognized centres nor policy for interventions available for victims of PTSD. In view of the fact that the current situation in Nigeria is such that both the environmental and the risk factors that predispose people to exhibiting symptoms of PTSD are ongoing in Nigeria, the study concluded with the fact that time is due for a national policy on PTSD in Nigeria and highlighted issues to be taken into consideration in formulation of the policy.

The environment of a working place has great impact on the level of stress. The purpose of this study was to assess stress management strategies used by school management and its influence on teachers’ commitment in primary schools in Bomet County, Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: to find out the extent of the relationship between stress management strategies employed by school managers and teachers’ job satisfaction and to examine the effect of stress management practices on teachers’ commitment in primary schools in Bomet County. The study adopted the cross sectional survey research design approach. Target population was 1,695 respondents comprising of 83 head teachers, 83 deputy head teachers, 1,529 teachers of primary schools in Bomet county. The sample was 203 respondents consisting of 25 head teachers, 25 deputy head teachers and 153 teachers. The study adopted stratified and purposive sampling techniques in order to obtain the sample of the study. In ensuring content validity, suggestion from educational research experts was sought to establish whether the questionnaire truly measured what was aimed at. These suggestions were integrated in designing the main tool that was used in data collection. Data generated by the questionnaires and entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program for analyses and interpretations. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics which included frequencies, percentages and means.The study findings indicated that majority (61.6%) of the teachers believed that stress amongst teachers was mainly caused by school related factors. In addition, majority (79.5%) of the teachers believed that employment of PTA teachers had eased teachers’ workload in most schools reducing stress amongst teachers. It was further found out that majority (69.2%) of the teachers believed that teachers’ self-efficacy contributed to teachers’ job satisfaction in schools. Similarly, the findings suggested that majority (73.3%) of the teachers were of the view that management of teacher stress enabled teachers to be committed to students’ needs. It was recommended that there was need for education stakeholders in the District and the country at large to devise ways of making teachers to be committed to their work and stay more in the teaching profession and at the same time there was need for the government to employ more teachers in public primary schools to reduce teacher workload which has been shown to increase teacher stress. The study will benefit the general society since stress affects many workers and using management strategies is a duty of each organization. The research findings will help head teachers to be able to identify the stress management strategies to be used in primary schools to address stress problems which can help to retain teachers.